tatesto1860,vol.2(Washington,DC:CarnegieInstitutionofWashington,1933),689–90;JamesLawrenceWatkins,KingCotton:AHistoricalandStatisticalReview,1790to1908(NewYork:J.L.Watkins,1908),13;Bassett,PeasantCotton,33;Mazzaoui,ItalianCotton,20–21;Bulliet,Cotton,Climate,andCamels,40;Chaudhuri,“Organisation,”75.
36MahatmaGandhi,TheIndianCottonTextileIndustry:ItsPast,PresentandFuture(Calcutta:G.N.Mitra,1930),6.
37AsquotedinHenryLee,TheVegetableLambofTartary:ACuriousFableoftheCottonPlant(London:SampsonLow,Marston,Searle,&Rivington,1887),5.
38Mann,CottonTrade,5;Oppel,DieBaumwolle,39;seealsoexhibitsatMuseuTèxtilid’Indumentària,Barcelona,Spain.
39十字军东征对棉纺织业传入欧洲至关重要，见“Baumwolle,”entryinLexikondesMittelalters,vol.1(Munich:ArtemisVerlag,1980),1670.
40AlfredP.WadsworthandJuliaDeLacyMann,TheCottonTradeandIndustrialLancashire,1600–1780(Manchester:ManchesterUniversityPress,1931),15;Mazzaoui,“CottonIndustry,”263;Ashtor,“VenetianCotton,”677.
41在12世纪，棉花生产出现在法
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